{"id":2062,"date":"2026-01-06T07:56:35","date_gmt":"2026-01-06T07:56:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dr-kshatti.com\/ar\/?p=2062"},"modified":"2026-01-06T08:21:52","modified_gmt":"2026-01-06T08:21:52","slug":"%d8%a3%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%a7%d8%ab-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%84%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%ab%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%82-%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae%d9%8a%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dr-kshatti.com\/ar\/?p=2062","title":{"rendered":"\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n
\n

\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0642\u0631\u060c \u062f.\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f2\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629- \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1913\u0645\u060c \u062f.\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f3\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0644\u0634\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1924 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062f.\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f4\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
\n

\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0643 (1868-1871) \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u062f.\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f5\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0631(1901-1958) \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u0625\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u060c \u062f.\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f6\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0639 1964-1984 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u060c \u062f.\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f7\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
\n

\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646- 1937\u060c \u062f.\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f8\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1917\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u060c \u062f.\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f9\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062f.\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f10\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
\n

\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u064a\u062c \u0644\u0633\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u064a\u062a\u060c \u062f.\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f11 \u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1918\u060c \u062f.\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f12\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0644\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647\u060c \u062f.\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f13 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n
\n

\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0644\u0634\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1924 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062f.\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f14\u060c (\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0646\u0642\u062d)\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0648\u063a\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 – (\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631) \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0643\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1917\u0645\u060c \u062f.\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0637\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f15 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

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\n

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